Alaska · Anchorage County
Past Producer

Independence

Anchorage County, Alaska, United States
TungstenGoldSilverArsenicCopperMolybdenumLeadTelluriumZinc
⌖ Show on mapUSGS source ↗
Commodities
PrimaryTungsten, Gold
SecondarySilver, Arsenic, Copper, Molybdenum, Lead, Tellurium, Zinc
Commodity typeM
Deposit
Model273: Low-sulfide Au-quartz vein
Materials
Ore mineralsArsenopyrite, Chalcopyrite, Galena, Gold, Molybdenite, Nagyagite, Pyrite, Scheelite, Sphalerite, Tetrahedrite
GangueCalcite, Quartz
Geology
AlterationOxidation of ore near the surface (Capps, 1915). Wall-rock alteration within a few inches of the veins is intense, but seldom extends more than 10 to 12 inches beyond the quartz filling. Sericitization and carbonate alteration predominate, but there is some pyritization and in the outer parts of the alteration zone chloritization is present (Ray, 1954).
Economic & production
Development statusPast Producer
Identification
Deposit ID10309035
MRDS IDA011610
RegionNA
Data scoreC
Coordinates61.79156, -149.29669
References
Brooks, A.H., 1910, Mineral resources of Alaska, report on progress of investigations in 1909: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 442, 426 p.Katz, F.J., 1911, A reconnaissance of Willow Creek gold region: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 480-G, p. 139-152.Brooks, A.H., 1912, The Alaska mining industry in 1911, in Brooks, A.H., and others, Mineral resources of Alaska, 1911: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 520, p. 17-44.Brooks, A.H., 1913, Mineral resources of Alaska, report on progress of investigations in 1912: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 542, 308 p.Brooks, A.H., 1914, Mineral resources of Alaska in 1913: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 592, p. 340-341.Capps, S.R., 1914, Gold lodes and placers of the Willow Creek district: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 592, p. 245-272.Brooks, A.H., 1915, Mineral resources of Alaska in 1914: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 622, 238 p.Capps, S.R., 1915, The Willow Creek District, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 607, 86 p.Smith, P.S., 1917, The mining industry in the territory of Alaska during the calendar year 1915: U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 142, 66 p.Smith, S.S., 1917, The mining industry in the Territory of Alaska during the calendar year 1916: U.S. Bureau of Mines Bulletin 153, 89 p.Brooks, A.H., 1918, Mineral resources of Alaska, 1916: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 662, 469 p.Brooks, A.H., 1922, The Alaska mining industry in 1920: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 722-A, p. 1-74.Brooks, A.H. and Capps, S.R., 1924, Mineral industry in Alaska, 1922: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 755, p. 1-56.Brooks, A.H., 1925, Alaska's mineral resources and production, 1923: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 773, p. 3-52.Smith, P.S., 1932, Mineral industry of Alaska in 1929, in Smith, P.S., and others Mineral resources of Alaska, report on progress of investigations in 1929: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 824-A, p. 1-81.Ray, J.C., 1933, The Willow Creek gold-lode district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 849-C, p. 165-229.Smith, P.S., 1936, Mineral industry in Alaska in 1934: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 868-A, p. 1-91.Smith, P.S., 1937, Mineral industry in Alaska in 1935: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 880-A, p. 1-95.Smith, P.S., 1938, Mineral industry of Alaska in 1936: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 897-A, p. 1-107.Smith, P.S., 1939, Mineral industry of Alaska in 1938: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 917-A, p. 1-113.Mining World, 1940, Alaska Pacific Consolidated Mining Co., Second Alaska Lode Mine: Mining World, v. 2, no. 4.Pitt, D.L, 1942, Report on Alaska-Pacific Consolidated Mining Co., Independence Mine: Manuscript on file, Office of History and Archaeology, Division of Parks, Alaska Department of Natural Resources, Anchorage, Alaska.Smith, P.S., 1942, Mineral Industry of Alaska in 1940: U. S. Geological Survey Bulletin 933-A, p. 1-102.Stoll, W.C., 1944, Relations of structures to mineral deposition at the Independence Mine, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 933-C, p. 201-217.Ray, R.G., 1954, Geology and ore deposits of the Willow Creek Mining district, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1004, 86 p.Cobb, E.H., 1972, Metallic mineral resources map of the Anchorage quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-409, 1 sheet, scale 1:250,000.MacKevett, E.M., Jr., and Holloway, C.D., 1977, Map showing metalliferous and selected non-metalliferous mineral deposits in the eastern part of southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-169-A, 99 p., 1 sheet, scale 1:1,000,000.Cobb, E.H., 1979, Summary of references to mineral occurrences (other than mineral fuels and construction materials in Anchorage quadrangle, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1095, 184 p.Cohen, K.K., 1982, Independence mine and the Willow Creek mining district: Alaska Division of Parks Miscellaneous Publications, History of Archaeology series, No. 32, 169 p.Pittman, T.L., and Mulligan, J.J., 1983, Alaska Mining in '83: from gold to hardrock & gravel: Alaska Construction and Oil, January, p. 21-23.Eakins, G.R., Bundtzen, T.K., Robinson, M.S., Clough, J.G., Green, C.B., Clautice, K.H., and Albanese M.A., 1983, Alaska's mineral industry, 1982, Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Special Report 31, 63 p.Woodman, Betzi, 1983, Mining news from around the north - a compilation of summer mining activities: Alaska Construction and Oil, September, p. 12-16.Bundtzen, T.K., Eakins, G.R., Clough, J.G., Lueck, L.L., Green, C.B., Robinson, M.S., and Coleman, D.A., 1984, Alaska's Mineral Industry, 1983: Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys Special Report 33, 56 p.Kurtak, J.M., 1986, Results of the 1984 Bureau of Mines site specific field studies within the Willow Creek mining district: U.S. Bureau of Mines Open-File Report 17-86, 17 p.Madden, D.J., Arbogast, B.F., O'Leary, R.M., VanTrump, G. Jr., and Silberman, M.L., 1988, Analytical results, statistical analyses, and sample locality maps of rocks from the Anchorage quadrangle, southern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 88-240, 121 p., 2 over-size sheets, scale 1:250,000 and 1:24,000.Stoll, W.M., 1997, Hunting for gold in Alaska's Talkeetna Mountains 1897-1951: Greensburg, Pennsylvania, Henry Printing, 301 p.